Guidelines for photocopying in the library

The copyright law provides the conditions under which libraries may reproduce copyrighted works to satisfy the needs of users and for interlibrary loan.  Such reproductions of single copies must be made without any intent of direct or indirect commercial advantage; the library collections must be open to the public for scholarly uses; and, such reproductions must include a notice of copyright.

1. Single copies of copyrighted works may be made by libraries in order to preserve the work, to replace damaged copies, and to acquire a copy of a work that is out of print and cannot be obtained at a fair price through normal commercial channels.
2. 
   A library and its employees are exempt from liability for the unsupervised use of photocopiers located on the premises, provided that such equipment displays the proper copyright warning notice.  The Library currently display and will continue to display the proper notices
   
3. Copyrighted works may be reproduced by or for faculty members for classroom use without obtaining permission, provided that the circumstances conform to fair use.
   
4. Single copies of a copyrighted work from a book or periodical become the property of the individual for the purpose of study, scholarship, or research. A single copy may be made of (not to exceed 10 percent proportionately of any given work):
   
   • a chapter from a book.
   • an article from a periodical or newspaper.
   • a short story, short essay, or poem, whether or not from a collective work.
   • no more than one chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon, or picture from a single book or periodical or newspaper.
5. A request from another library can be supplied in the form of:
   • a single copy of an article from a periodical or a small part of a book, provided that the copy becomes the property of the individual requestor, not of the requesting library.
   • single copies of up to five articles from a single journal title in one calendar year for materials published within five years of the date of request. five portions from a non-journal work over the copyright life of the work.

Using library’s copying and printing equipment
When using the Library's or the university's photocopying and printing equipment to make copies of copyrighted works, the copying must be authorized by:

• the Copyright Act for the purpose of fair dealing or under specific exceptions set out in that Act; or
• copyright permission has been obtained from the copyright owner;

Generally, this means that, unless prior written permission has been obtained from the copyright owner, users of copiers and printers in the Library must ensure that their copying falls within the limits outlined in the Copyright Act.  To assist users with determining what materials may be copied, the following guidelines may be used.

(a)        Examples of copying which is generally permitted:

• single copies for private study and research purposes, of any of the following - a single article, short story, play , poem, etc from a book or periodical issue containing other works;
• an entire newspaper article or page;
• an entire chapter which is 10% or less of a book;
• works in the public domain;
• works for which the University of Pretoria owns the copyright.

(b)        Examples of copying which is generally prohibited:

• copying of entire works;
• systematic, cumulative copying beyond the limits of the Copyright Act
• copying materials for sale (including cost recovery) without payment of royalties;
• copying of unpublished works, national or provincial crown publications, letters to the editor, advertisements,

Copies of articles or documents provided through the Interlibrary Loan services are made according to the limits specified under the Copyright Act.  Generally, this means an individual may request a single copy of one article from one journal issue, or more than one article provided the total number of pages does not exceed 10% of the issue.  If the request exceeds these limits, and a legal copy is not commercially available, the requestor will be advised that the request cannot be filled.