Database: MEDLINE <1966 to March Week 2 2002> Search Strategy: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp HERNIA/ (21721) 2 exp Abdomen/ (48088) 3 exp pelvis/ (9302) 4 1 and (2 or 3) (1743) 5 limit 4 to (human and english language) (1085) 6 exp sports/ (41720) 7 exp exertion/ or 6 (103601) 8 5 and 7 (12) 9 exp athletic injuries/ and 5 (17) 10 8 or 9 (24) 11 limit 5 to review (79) 12 exp *HERNIA/ and hernia.ti. and 11 (24) 13 10 or 12 (46) 14 from 13 keep 1-46 (46) *************************** <1> Unique Identifier 8766602 Medline Identifier 96337388 Authors Yilmazlar T. Kizil A. Zorluoglu A. Ozguc H. Institution Department of Surgery, University of Uludag, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. Title The value of herniography in football players with obscure groin pain. Source Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 96(3):115-8, 1996 Jun. Abstract From January 1985 to May 1994, herniography was performed in 60 football players with groin pain but without clinical signs of hernia. Herniographic examination revealed 62 occult inguinal hernias in 51 cases, nine cases were normal. Fifty of these 51 cases were operated on. Surgery was postponed until the end of the league in one case. There was only one false positive examination. The herniographic and operative diagnoses corresponded well in the other 49 cases. There were three minor complications which have related to the needle sigmoid colon puncture, all of them were managed conservatively. There was no technical failure. These results indicate that herniography is a safe and valuable method to identify non palpable herniations causing groin pain of unknown origin in football players. <2> Unique Identifier 4861251 Medline Identifier 68011827 Authors Bertelsen S. Christiansen J. Title Internal hernia through mesenteric and mesocolic defects. A review of the literature and a report of two cases. [Review] [14 refs] Source Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 133(5):426-8, 1967. <3> Unique Identifier 6297246 Medline Identifier 83123259 Authors Gullmo A. Title Herniography. The diagnosis of hernia in the groin and incompetence of the pouch of Douglas and pelvic floor. [Review] [76 refs] Source Acta Radiologica - Supplementum. 361:1-76, 1980. <4> Unique Identifier 7668191 Medline Identifier 95397746 Authors Laws HL. Institution Department of Surgery, Carraway Methodist Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA. Title Groin hernia: a current perspective. [Review] [12 refs] Source Alabama Medicine. 64(12):15-7, 1995 Jun. Abstract Groin hernias are one of the major problems handled by the surgeon. At this time there appears to be some clear indications for open repair, pretty clear indications for laparoscopic repair, less clear indications for one type anesthesia or the other. There has been a major shift toward utilizing mesh in open repairs and in laparoscopic repairs with no significant increase in complications. Patients should usually be able to return to work, even at labor, within two weeks of the operation. Surgeons and patients should expect to experience a recurrence less than 2% of the time. [References: 12] <5> Unique Identifier 11476397 Medline Identifier 21368635 Authors Anderson K. Strickland SM. Warren R. Institution Center for Athletic Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. Title Hip and groin injuries in athletes. [Review] [84 refs] Source American Journal of Sports Medicine. 29(4):521-33, 2001 Jul-Aug. Abstract Although athletic injuries about the hip and groin occur less commonly than injuries in the extremities, they can result in extensive rehabilitation time. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and well-organized treatment plan are critical. Because loads of up to eight times body weight have been demonstrated in the hip joint during jogging, presumably even greater loads can occur during vigorous athletic competition. The available imaging modalities are effective diagnostic tools when selected on the basis of a thorough history and physical examination. Considerable controversy exists as to the cause and optimal treatment of groin pain in athletes, or the so-called "sports hernia." There has also been significant recent attention focused on intraarticular lesions that may be amenable to hip arthroscopy. This article briefly reviews several common hip and groin conditions affecting athletic patients and highlights some newer topics. [References: 84] <6> Unique Identifier 1831010 Medline Identifier 91328319 Authors Taylor DC. Meyers WC. Moylan JA. Lohnes J. Bassett FH. Garrett WE Jr. Institution Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710. Title Abdominal musculature abnormalities as a cause of groin pain in athletes. Inguinal hernias and pubalgia. [see comments.]. Comments Comment in: Am J Sports Med. 1991 Jul-Aug;19(4):421 ; 1832820 Source American Journal of Sports Medicine. 19(3):239-42, 1991 May-Jun. Abstract There has been increasing interest within the European sports medicine community regarding the etiology and treatment of groin pain in the athlete. Groin pain is most commonly caused by musculotendinous strains of the adductors and other muscles crossing the hip joint, but may also be related to abdominal wall abnormalities. Cases may be termed "pubalgia" if physical examination does not reveal inguinal hernia and there is an absence of other etiology for groin pain. We present nine cases of patients who underwent herniorrhaphies for groin pain. Two patients had groin pain without evidence of a hernia preoperatively (pubalgia). In the remaining seven patients we determined the presence of a hernia by physical examination. At operation, eight patients were found to have inguinal hernias. One patient had no hernia but had partial avulsion of the internal oblique fibers from their insertion at the public tubercle. The average interval from operation to return to full activity was 11 weeks. All patients returned to full activity within 3 months of surgery. One patient had persistent symptoms of mild incisional tenderness, but otherwise there were no recurrences, complications, or persistence of symptoms. Abnormalities of the abdominal wall, including inguinal hernias and microscopic tears or avulsions of the internal oblique muscle, can be an overlooked source of groin pain in the athlete. Operative treatment of this condition with herniorrhaphy can return the athlete to his sport within 3 months. <7> Unique Identifier 4230621 Medline Identifier 68165637 Authors Ponka JL. Title The relaxing incision in hernia repair. [Review] [14 refs] Source American Journal of Surgery. 115(4):552-7, 1968 Apr. <8> Unique Identifier 9817243 Medline Identifier 99032155 Authors McGreevy JM. Title Groin hernia and surgical truth. [Review] [22 refs] Source American Journal of Surgery. 176(4):301-4, 1998 Oct. Abstract BACKGROUND: Surgeons have used many methods to repair groin hernia since 1889. In that year, both Halsted and Bassini described the first effective operation. All operative solutions to groin hernia since then have used a suture repair. The differences have been related to the anatomic structures that are joined by the sutures. Recently, laparoscopy has forced most surgeons to question their approach to groin hernia. Common questions are: Is laparoscopy superior? When should mesh be used? Which of the many available techniques give superior results? DATA SOURCES: This review presents an opinion-based review of the classical and recent literature. In addition, this review considers the manner in which surgeons search for answers to such questions. CONCLUSION: The result of this search, for the author, is an acceptance of the mesh plug repair as superior to all others currently available. [References: 22] <9> Unique Identifier 3976996 Medline Identifier 85146463 Authors Smedberg SG. Broome AE. Gullmo A. Roos H. Title Herniography in athletes with groin pain. Source American Journal of Surgery. 149(3):378-82, 1985 Mar. Abstract In the years 1974 to 1981, herniography was performed in 78 athletes with groin pain. The investigation comprised 101 painful groin sides in 23 athletes with bilateral symptoms. Before herniography, a hernia was palpated in only eight (7.9 percent) groins with pain. Hernias were found at herniography in 84.2 percent of the symptomatic groin sides and in 49.1 percent of the asymptomatic groin sides. Sixty-three hernia operations were performed. The herniographic and operative diagnoses corresponded well. Direct hernias dominated among the operated athletes, and were found in 55.6 percent of those below 30 years of age. Altogether 69.8 percent of the operated patients were cured by hernia repair and another 20.6 percent were improved. Tenoperiostitis of the adductor muscles was the most frequent diagnosis in those not cured by operation and among the nonoperated patients. Herniography was of great value in selecting those patients who needed a repair. A broad differential diagnostic approach when examining these patients is of the utmost importance. <10> Unique Identifier 9114802 Medline Identifier 97269904 Authors Lowham AS. Filipi CJ. Fitzgibbons RJ Jr. Stoppa R. Wantz GE. Felix EL. Crafton WB. Institution Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Title Mechanisms of hernia recurrence after preperitoneal mesh repair. Traditional and laparoscopic. [Review] [49 refs] Source Annals of Surgery. 225(4):422-31, 1997 Apr. Abstract OBJECTIVE: The authors provide an assessment of mechanisms leading to hernia recurrence after laparoscopic and traditional preperitoneal herniorrhaphy to allow surgeons using either technique to achieve better results. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The laparoscopic and traditional preperitoneal approaches to hernia repair are analogous in principle and outcome and have experienced a similar evolution over different time frames. The recurrence rate after preperitoneal herniorrhaphy should be low (< 2%) to be considered a viable alternative to the most successful methods of conventional herniorrhaphy. METHODS: Experienced surgeons supply specifics regarding the mechanisms of recurrence and technical measures to avoid hernia recurrence when using the preperitoneal prosthetic repair. Videotapes of laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in 13 patients who subsequently experienced a recurrence also are used to determine technical causes of recurrence. RESULTS: Factors leading to recurrence include surgeon inexperience, inadequate dissection, insufficient prosthesis size, insufficient prosthesis overlap of hernia defects, improper fixation, prosthesis folding or twisting, missed hernias, or mesh lifting secondary to hematoma formation. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant factor in successful preperitoneal hernia repair is adequate dissection with complete exposure and coverage of all potential groin hernia sites. Hematoma mesh lifting and inadequate lateral inferior and medial inferior mesh fixation represent the most common causes of recurrence for surgeons experienced in traditional or laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair. [References: 49] <11> Unique Identifier 6225411 Medline Identifier 83307956 Authors Light HG. Title Hernia of the inferior lumbar space. A cause of back pain. Source Archives of Surgery. 118(9):1077-80, 1983 Sep. Abstract Twenty hernias of incarcerated fat at the inferior lumbar space were seen during a 23-year period. The usual complaint was a painful mass that caused a backache. The condition was more common in women and girls than in men (18 v two). The wider female pelvis creates a larger inferior lumbar space, which predisposes to the hernia. The hernia appears through a defect of the covering lumbodorsal fascia. Increased physical activity in young women seemed to be a causative factor. One patient had acute strangulation of incarcerated fat. Nineteen of the 20 hernias were treated with surgical excision and repair of the lumbodorsal fascial defect. Results of treatment were good. Though rare, hernias of the inferior lumbar space should be considered when back pain is present, particularly in a young, athletic woman. <12> Unique Identifier 1586300 Medline Identifier 92264926 Authors Malycha P. Lovell G. Institution Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia. Title Inguinal surgery in athletes with chronic groin pain: the 'sportsman's' hernia. Source Australian & New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 62(2):123-5, 1992 Feb. Abstract Fifty athletes with chronic undiagnosed groin pain underwent surgical exploration and inguinal hernia repair. Six months later, all athletes were sent questionnaires to assess their return to sport, level of pain (using analogue pain scores) and the overall result of their surgery. Operative findings revealed a significant bulge in the posterior inguinal wall in 40 athletes. Forty-four athletes (88%) replied to the questionnaire. Forty-one athletes (93% of respondents) had returned to normal activities. Pain scores indicated a marked improvement in their level of pain (P less than 0.001). Thirty-three athletes (75%) rated the result as good and 10 (23%) as improved. It is concluded that athletes with chronic groin pain who are unable to compete in active sport should be considered for routine inguinal hernia repair if no other pathology is evident after clinical examination and investigation. <13> Unique Identifier 1575666 Medline Identifier 92246764 Authors Ng JW. Chan YT. Wong MK. Institution Surgical B Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong. Title Intestinal obstruction due to axial twisting of bowel in transmesenteric hernia. [Review] [16 refs] Source Australian & New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 62(5):408-11, 1992 May. Abstract A baby, born with gastroschisis, had an unrepaired large aperture in the mesocolon close to a short segment of colon. One day, the entire length of bowel proximal to the defect traversed the rent. The free segment of colon was affected by the resulting twist along the long axis of the bowel and became obstructed. A large mesenteric defect, albeit too wide to strangulate the bowel, is not totally innocuous and should always be closed. [References: 16] <14> Unique Identifier 8859162 Medline Identifier 97012347 Authors Clarnette TD. Hutson JM. Institution F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Title The genitofemoral nerve may link testicular inguinoscrotal descent with congenital inguinal hernia. [Review] [66 refs] Source Australian & New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 66(9):612-7, 1996 Sep. Abstract The genitofemoral nerve (GFN) hypothesis for inguinoscrotal testicular descent proposes that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), released from the genitofemoral nerve, controls the migration of the gubernaculum from the inguinal region to the scrotum between 26 and 40 weeks of gestation. The processus vaginalis provides a channel through which the testis descends from the abdomen to the scrotum. Following descent of the testis the processus vaginalis undergoes luminal obliteration and disappearance between the internal inguinal ring and the upper pole of the testis. The mechanism underlying closure of the processus is unknown and failure for it to occur normally results in congenital inguinal hernia, scrotal hydrocele and possibly even an 'ascending' testis. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that CGRP, released from the genitofemoral nerve, may cause fusion and disappearance of the processus vaginalis. We propose that abnormalities in the GFN link a spectrum of disorders encompassing congenital undescended testis, inguinal hernia, scrotal hydrocele and ascending testis. [References: 66] <15> Unique Identifier 8599748 Medline Identifier 96170649 Authors Lovell G. Institution SportsCare, Adelaide, Australia. Title The diagnosis of chronic groin pain in athletes: a review of 189 cases. Source Australian Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport. 27(3):76-9, 1995 Sep. Abstract The case-notes of 189 athletes with chronic groin pain were reviewed to determine the prevalence of the underlying conditions. Diagnoses were determined following a review of their history, clinical examination, local anaesthetic infiltration, radiological investigation, surgical exploration and clinical progress. The most common pathology found was an incipient hernia (50% of cases). Twenty-seven percent were found to have multiple pathologies. An approach to the differential diagnosis and radiological investigation of athletes with chronic groin pain is suggested. <16> Unique Identifier 9631220 Medline Identifier 98294681 Authors Orchard JW. Read JW. Neophyton J. Garlick D. Institution School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Title Groin pain associated with ultrasound finding of inguinal canal posterior wall deficiency in Australian Rules footballers. Source British Journal of Sports Medicine. 32(2):134-9, 1998 Jun. Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of inguinal canal posterior wall deficiency (sports hernia) in professional Australian Rules footballers using an ultrasound technique and correlate the results with the clinical symptom of groin pain. METHODS: Thirty five professional Australian footballers with and without groin pain were investigated blind with a dynamic high resolution ultrasound technique for presence of posterior wall deficiency. RESULTS: Fourteen players had a history of significant recent groin pain and ten of these were found to have bilateral inguinal canal posterior wall deficiency (p < 0.01). The relative risk for a history of groin pain with bilateral deficiency was 8.0 (95% confidence interval 1.73 to 37.1). Groin pain was also found to be associated with increasing age (p < 0.01) which was an independent risk factor. Surgical, clinical, and ultrasound follow up for players who underwent hernia repair confirmed the validity of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic ultrasound examination is able to detect inguinal canal posterior wall deficiency in young males with no clinical signs of hernia. This condition is very prevalent in professional Australian Rules footballers, including some who are asymptomatic. There was a correlation between bilateral deficiency and groin pain, although the temporal relationship between the clinical and ultrasound findings is not established by the current study. Ultrasound shows promise as a diagnostic tool in athletes with chronic groin pain who are considered possible candidates for hernia repair. <17> Unique Identifier 7104556 Medline Identifier 82257970 Authors Banks AJ. Malimson PD. Title Wrong diagnosis in athletes. Source British Journal of Sports Medicine. 16(2):101, 1982 Jun. <18> Unique Identifier 8457816 Medline Identifier 93208517 Authors Hackney RG. Institution Princess Mary's Hospital, Royal Air Force Halton, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK. Title The sports hernia: a cause of chronic groin pain. Source British Journal of Sports Medicine. 27(1):58-62, 1993 Mar. Abstract The management of chronic pain in sportsmen and women requires consideration of a wide differential diagnosis. A syndrome caused by a distension of the posterior inguinal wall is described, effectively an early direct inguinal hernia. The diagnosis can be made from certain aspects of the history and examination, which are described. The results of surgical repair to the posterior inguinal wall are excellent. The procedure was carried out on 14 sportsmen and one woman. There is an 87% return to full sporting activity, with a follow-up of 18 months to 5 years. The remaining 13% were improved by the repair. Many of the athletes had received other treatments without success. The sports hernia should be high on the list of differential diagnoses in chronic groin pain. <19> Unique Identifier 7378668 Medline Identifier 80198995 Authors Renstrom P. Peterson L. Title Groin injuries in athletes. Source British Journal of Sports Medicine. 14(1):30-6, 1980 Mar. <20> Unique Identifier 9278680 Medline Identifier 97424567 Authors Nagy J. Thompson AM. Title Laparoscopic and conventional repair of groin disruption in sportsmen. [letter; comment.]. Comments Comment on: Br J Surg. 1997 Feb;84(2):213-5 ; 9052437 Source British Journal of Surgery. 84(8):1172, 1997 Aug. <21> Unique Identifier 10504362 Medline Identifier 99436656 Authors Waters KJ. Title Clinical dilemma. A hernia sac cannot be found at operation. [see comments.]. [Review] [5 refs] Comments Comment in: Br J Surg. 2000 Apr;87(4):521 ; 10809572, Comment in: Br J Surg. 2000 Apr;87(4):521 ; 10809573, Comment in: Br J Surg. 2000 Apr;87(4):521-2 ; 10809574 Source British Journal of Surgery. 86(9):1107, 1999 Sep. <22> Unique Identifier 9194779 Medline Identifier 97338218 Authors Wexler MJ. Institution McGill University, Montreal, Que. Title The repair of inguinal hernia: 110 years after Bassini. [Review] [45 refs] Source Canadian Journal of Surgery. 40(3):186-91, 1997 Jun. <23> Unique Identifier 9194781 Medline Identifier 97338220 Authors Bendavid R. Institution Shouldice Hospital Ltd., Thornhill, Ont.. Title The Shouldice technique: a canon in hernia repair. [Review] [61 refs] Source Canadian Journal of Surgery. 40(3):199-205, 207, 1997 Jun. Abstract Controversy exists on the merits of the various approaches to inguinal repair. Evolution of the classic open repair has culminated in the Shouldice repair. Challenges from newcomers, namely, tension-free repair and laparoscopy, are being examined. These two techniques have a number of disadvantages: the presence of foreign bodies (prostheses) and their implication in cases of infection; the cost of prosthetic material, which is no longer negligible (particularly with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene); and problems of safety in that the laparoscopic approach is no longer a dependable asset except in the hands of a highly specialized and dextrous operator. Still, complications occur with laparoscopic repair that should not be associated with a surgical procedure that is considered benign, safe and cost-effective. Surgeons must recognize the pertinent facts and decide according to their conscience which method of repair to use. [References: 61] <24> Unique Identifier 10372020 Medline Identifier 99300608 Authors Casey P. Casey MT. Institution Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS. Title Simultaneous pyloric and colonic obstruction associated with hiatus hernia in a weightlifter: a case report. Source Canadian Journal of Surgery. 42(3):220-2, 1999 Jun. Abstract Hiatus hernia is usually attributed to conditions that cause a chronic increase in intra-abdominal pressure such as multiple pregnancies and obesity. A 30-year-old man, a weightlifter, had a massive hiatus hernia causing both high and low gastrointestinal obstruction but no involvement of the gastroesophageal junction or fundus. The onset of the obstruction is attributed to an extreme increase in intra-abdominal pressure caused by the action of lifting weights. <25> Unique Identifier 8846638 Medline Identifier 96113446 Authors Core GB. Mizgala CL. Bowen JC 3rd. Vasconez LO. Institution Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Title Endoscopic abdominoplasty with repair of diastasis recti and abdominal wall hernia. [Review] [14 refs] Source Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 22(4):707-22, 1995 Oct. Abstract Endoscopic abdominoplasty is feasible, safe, and effective in the proper surgical candidate. Excellent results can be expected when proper patient selection criteria are followed. With future refinements in technique and equipment, this procedure may be extended safely to those patients with more severe deformities. [References: 14] <26> Unique Identifier 8335456 Medline Identifier 93328419 Authors McDermott M. Tanner A. Hourihane D. Institution Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin. Title Abdominal actinomycosis following small intestinal perforation in an umbilical hernia. A case report and review of literature. [Review] [15 refs] Source Irish Journal of Medical Science. 162(5):182-3, 1993 May. <27> Unique Identifier 10871144 Medline Identifier 20326959 Authors Brannigan AE. Kerin MJ. McEntee GP. Institution Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Title Gilmore's groin repair in athletes. Source Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 30(6):329-32, 2000 Jun. Abstract Incapacitating groin pain is a frequent problem among athletes and its etiology may be multifactorial. A specific clinical syndrome relating to injury to the lower abdominal wall has been described and successfully treated by O. J. Gilmore. This paper presents our results of 100 consecutive groin repairs in 85 young athletes using a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy similar to Gilmore's. Ninety-six percent of our patients returned to competitive sport within 15 weeks; we suggest that this is an appropriate therapeutic intervention for athletes who develop chronic incapacitating groin pain. <28> Unique Identifier 8811578 Medline Identifier 96407525 Authors Sapin E. Berg A. Raynaud P. Lapeyre G. Seringe R. Helardot PG. Institution Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Saint Vincent de Paul, CHU Cochin-Port-Royal, Universite Rene Descartes, Paris, France. Title Coexisting left congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: successful management in a premature neonate. [Review] [20 refs] Source Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 31(7):989-91, 1996 Jul. Abstract The combination of left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with esophageal atresia (EA) and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is extremely rare and is considered highly lethal. The authors describe a premature neonate with this association, who is alive at 6 1/2 years of age. Temporary banding of the gastroesophageal junction and gastrostomy was performed concurrently with hernia repair and prosthetic abdominoplasty to enlarge the abdominal cavity. A right thoracotomy for ligation of the fistula, using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), was performed 13 days later. Complete repair of the esophageal atresia was accomplished 7 weeks after birth. The methods that have been suggested in the literature are discussed. The institution of ECMO at birth could allow a primary complete surgical repair of EA and CDH. Nevertheless, surgical management with staged repair, as described herein, can be useful. [References: 20] <29> Unique Identifier 9607483 Medline Identifier 98268499 Authors Okuyama H. Fukuzawa M. Nakai H. Okada A. Institution Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan. Title Acquired umbilical fistula after repair of inguinal hernia: a case report. [Review] [2 refs] Source Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 33(5):737-8, 1998 May. Abstract A 2-year, 9-month-old boy had an umbilical fistula after repair of an inguinal hernia at 8 months of age. Fistulography findings showed a duct running from the umbilicus toward the inguinal wound. Pathological finding of the surgically removed fistula demonstrated granulomatous tissues containing silk ligature. Acquired umbilical fistula is a rare complication of inguinal herniorrhaphy. Its clinical details as well as a review of the previously reported four cases are presented. [References: 2] <30> Unique Identifier 4889281 Medline Identifier 69175539 Authors Lough JO. Estrada RL. Wiglesworth FW. Title Internal hernia into Treves' Field Pouch: report of two cases and review of literature. [Review] [14 refs] Source Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 4(2):198-207, 1969 Apr. <31> Unique Identifier 11791065 Medline Identifier 21650833 Authors Chanson C. Hahnloser D. Nassiopoulos K. Petropoulos P. Institution Department of Surgery, Hopital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland. Title Gastric and omental incarceration through an occult traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a scuba diver. Source Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 52(1):146-8, 2002 Jan. <32> Unique Identifier 7637508 Medline Identifier 95364539 Authors McMaster J. Wilson JA. McKenzie K. MacLeod DA. Title Management of groin strain. [letter; comment.]. Comments Comment on: Lancet. 1995 Jun 17;345(8964):1522-3 ; 7791435 Source Lancet. 346(8973):510, 1995 Aug 19. <33> Unique Identifier 7791435 Medline Identifier 95311543 Authors Thomas JM. Institution Watford General Hospital, Hertfordshire, UK. Title Groin strain versus occult hernia: uncomfortable alternatives or incompatible rivals? [see comments.]. Comments Comment in: Lancet. 1995 Aug 19;346(8973):510 ; 7637508, Comment in: Lancet. 1995 Aug 19;346(8973):510-1 ; 7637511 Source Lancet. 345(8964):1522-3, 1995 Jun 17. <34> Unique Identifier 7637511 Medline Identifier 95364542 Authors Paterson-Brown S. John TG. Title Management of groin strain. [letter; comment.]. Comments Comment on: Lancet. 1995 Jun 17;345(8964):1522-3 ; 7791435 Source Lancet. 346(8973):510-1, 1995 Aug 19. <35> Unique Identifier 8255618 Medline Identifier 94077558 Authors Scherer LR 3rd. Grosfeld JL. Institution Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. Title Inguinal hernia and umbilical anomalies. [Review] [30 refs] Source Pediatric Clinics of North America. 40(6):1121-31, 1993 Dec. Abstract Inguinal hernias and umbilical anomalies remain the most common congenital anomalies. The loss of testis, ovary, or a portion of bowel from an irreducible hernia and the infectious complications of umbilical anomalies continue to be a threat to infants and young children. This article reviews the embryology, clinical features, and treatments of these anomalies and discusses some of the unusual and special considerations of these children. [References: 30] <36> Unique Identifier 8896091 Medline Identifier 97051353 Authors Fredberg U. Kissmeyer-Nielsen P. Institution AGF Professional Football, Aarhus, Denmark. Title The sportsman's hernia--fact or fiction?. [Review] [22 refs] Source Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 6(4):201-4, 1996 Aug. Abstract This review is based on the results of 308 operations for unexplained, chronic groin pain suspected to be caused by an imminent, but not demonstrable, inguinal hernia: the 'sportsman's hernia' (SH). No differences in perioperative findings between cured and non-cured athletes were found. However, there was a remarkable difference between the various perioperative findings in the studies. It was characteristic that further clinical investigation of the noncured, operated athletes gave an alternative and treatable diagnosis in more than 80% of cases. Herniography was used consistently in the diagnostic process in all the studies on SH. However, in 49% of cases hernias were also demonstrated on the opposite, asymptomatic groin side. In conclusion, the final diagnosis (and treatment) often reflects the speciality of the doctor and the present literature does not supply proper evidence to the theory that SH constitutes a credible explanation for chronic groin pain. [References: 22] <37> Unique Identifier 10220844 Medline Identifier 99237193 Authors Ekstrand J. Hilding J. Institution Sports Clinic, Linkoping Medical Centre, Sweden. Title The incidence and differential diagnosis of acute groin injuries in male soccer players. Source Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 9(2):98-103, 1999 Apr. Abstract This prospective cohort study evaluated the incidence of acute groin injuries and estimated the distribution of differential diagnoses in male soccer players. Two senior male soccer divisions (21 teams, 326 players) were followed for 1 year. Patients with groin injuries were examined clinically as well as by herniography, sonography and by plain x-ray of the pelvic bones. Groin injuries accounted for 8% of all injuries. The incidence of groin injury was 0.8/1000 h of exposure. Thirteen (52%) of the 25 patients were clinically considered to have a muscle/tendon injury. However, when using sonography, muscle/tendon injury was only verified in 1 patient. Clinical suspicion of hernia or incipient hernia was evident in 4 (16%) of the patients, while 14 (56%) had a pathological finding at herniography. Clinical and paraclinical (i.e. diagnostic methods using imaging and other advanced techniques) diagnoses do not correspond very well in acute groin injury. <38> Unique Identifier 9557102 Medline Identifier 98217850 Authors Kyaw K. Institution Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia. Title Left mesocolic hernia or peritoneal encapsulation?--a case report. [Review] [16 refs] Source Singapore Medical Journal. 39(1):30-1, 1998 Jan. Abstract This is a case report of an 11-year-old boy with left mesocolic hernia. This condition is very similar to peritoneal encapsulation and a literature review of both conditions is done. Confusion among authors in naming them accordingly is addressed. [References: 16] <39> Unique Identifier 2643194 Medline Identifier 89100660 Authors Sataloff DM. La Vorgna KA. McFarland MM. Institution Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. Title Extrapelvic endometriosis presenting as a hernia: clinical reports and review of the literature. [Review] [21 refs] Source Surgery. 105(1):109-12, 1989 Jan. Abstract Endometriosis is a common gynecologic diagnosis. Typical complaints of patients with pelvic endometriosis include dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, dyspareunia, and infertility. Endometriosis may also occur in extrapelvic sites and cause unusual symptoms and diagnostic dilemmas. Endometriosis has been described in the inguinal region, and this is illustrated in the first case history. The tender inguinal masses often fluctuate with the menstrual cycle but the condition initially may be confused with an inguinal hernia. Treatment is surgical. Abdominal wall scar endometriosis, seen in the second case, has been described in patients after a wide variety of gynecologic procedures. This also is initially noted as a tender mass, usually fluctuating with menstruation, and is often confused with an incisional hernia. Again, surgery is the treatment of choice. Pathologic features of endometriosis are constant, regardless of location. Microscopically, endometrial glands and stroma, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and old hemorrhage are seen. Familiarity with the unusual types of endometriosis is important to the general surgeon. [References: 21] <40> Unique Identifier 4864553 Medline Identifier 68095503 Authors Erskine JM. Title Hernia through the foramen of Winslow. [Review] [50 refs] Source Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 125(5):1093-109, 1967 Nov. <41> Unique Identifier 6988996 Medline Identifier 80169407 Authors Janin Y. Stone AM. Wise L. Title Mesenteric hernia. [Review] [144 refs] Source Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 150(5):747-54, 1980 May. Abstract Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to an idiopathic mesenteric hernia has been reviewed by collecting 139 reports from the literature and studying them from the standpoint of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and mortality. An acute intestinal obstruction with strangulation in the absence of an external hernia and with no history of previous surgical procedures must suggest the possibility of an internal hernia, especially if the patient has a history of chronic intermittent abdominal distress and a palpable abdominal mass if found on examination. [References: 144] <42> Unique Identifier 4579254 Medline Identifier 73231598 Authors Mizrachy B. Kark AE. Title The anatomy and repair of the posterior inguinal wall. Source Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 137(2):253-8, 1973 Aug. <43> Unique Identifier 10370986 Medline Identifier 99299124 Authors Akita K. Niga S. Yamato Y. Muneta T. Sato T. Institution Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. k.akita.ana2@med.tmd.acjp Title Anatomic basis of chronic groin pain with special reference to sports hernia. Source Surgical & Radiologic Anatomy. 21(1):1-5, 1999. Abstract Chronic pain on the ventral surface of the scrotum and the proximal ventro-medial surface of the thigh especially in athletes has been diagnosed in various ways; recently, in Europe the concept of "sports hernia" has been advocated. However, since few reports discuss the detailed course of the nerves in association with the pain, we examined the cutaneous branches in the inguinal region in 54 halves of 27 adult male cadavers. From our results, in addition to the cutaneous branches from the ilioinguinal n. (in 49 of 54: 90.7%), cutaneous branches originating from the genital branches of the genitofemoral nerve were found in the inguinal region in 19 of 54 halves (35.2%). In 7 cases (in 7 of 54: 13.0%) the genital branch and the ilioinguinal nerve united in the inguinal canal. In 6 cases the genital branch pierced the inguinal lig. to enter the inguinal canal, and in three cases the genital branch pierced the border between the ligament and the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus m. to be distributed to the inguinal region. Therefore, the courses of the genital branches vary considerably, and may have a very important role in chronic groin pain produced by groin hernia. In addition, entrapment by the ligament may be a reasonable candidate for the cause of chronic groin pain. <44> Unique Identifier 11395828 Medline Identifier 21289350 Authors Claus C. Majerus B. Institution Service de Chirurgie Viscerale, Clinique Saint-Pierre, 9 avenue Reine Fabiola, 1340 Ottignies, Belgium. Title Acute hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of omentum adhesions after running. Source Surgical Endoscopy. 15(4):413, 2001 Apr. Abstract The case of a 37-year-old man in whom a massive hemoperitoneum developed a few hours after running is described. The patient disclaimed any trauma and clearly noted that symptoms appeared after running. Findings at laparoscopy showed that the bleeding was caused by the rupture of adhesions between the omentum and left inguinal abdominal wall. These adhesions, which had resulted from a previous laparoscopic transperitoneal bilateral inguinal hernia cure, were resected. Recovery was simple and follow-up assessment was uneventful. Hemoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of intraperitoneal adhesions is very rare in the absence of precipitating trauma. However, the trauma can be trivial. Rupture of intra-abdominal adhesions has been described after sexual intercourse or mobilization of the patient under general anesthesia. Disruption of adhesions by insufflation or mobilization of organs under laparoscopy also is reported. The transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia can be responsible for late intestinal obstruction caused by intra-abdominal adhesions, but late hemorrhagic complication has not yet been reported. <45> Unique Identifier 8167862 Medline Identifier 94221312 Authors Rosser J. Institution Laparoscopic Surgical Unit, Akron General Medical Center, OH 44307. Title The anatomical basis for laparoscopic hernia repair revisited. [Review] [10 refs] Source Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 4(1):36-44, 1994 Feb. Abstract With the development of the transabdominal preperitoneal secured prosthetic mesh repair, many laparoscopic surgeons feel not only that they have a procedure with a low recurrence rate, but that the procedure also has historic academic credibility. This repair emulates well-established open procedures. Shortcomings of this repair include a demand for more precise identification of structures, more careful dissection, and a higher risk of injury to important anatomical entities. There have been anecdotal reports of injuries to nerves such as the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, the femoral nerve, and the genital branch of the genital-femoral nerve. This article reviews inguinal anatomy from the laparoscopic vantage point and identifies the areas where injury to nerves can occur. [References: 10] <46> Unique Identifier 8995083 Medline Identifier 97152347 Authors Sachs M. Damm M. Encke A. Institution Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7D, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Title Historical evolution of inguinal hernia repair. [Review] [28 refs] Source World Journal of Surgery. 21(2):218-23, 1997 Feb. Abstract When analyzing original articles since the sixteenth century, it becomes apparent that all surgical techniques for repair of the inguinal hernial orifice can be traced back to two simple repair principles. The first is reinforcement of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal and tightening of the external inguinal ring (Stromayr 1559, Purmann 1694, Czerny 1877), and the second is reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and the tightening of the internal inguinal ring, either externally (Lucas-Championniere 1881, Bassini 1889, Lotheissen 1898, McVay 1942, Shouldice 1945, Lichtenstein 1987, Stoppa 1989) or via an intraabdominal approach by laparotomy (Tait 1891) or laparoscopically (Ger 1990, Velez and Klein 1990). We have tried to provide a systematic order to the diverse procedures of surgery of inguinal hernias according to their repair principles. We also point out their historical development. [References: 28]