BLOCK16

May 8

Compulsory reading
- Protocol checklist (Word doc 33 Kb)
- Guide to clinical trial protocol. NHS Foundation Trust, 2004 (pdf file 270 Kb)
- Guide for writing a funding proposal. (Acrobat Reader file 53 Kb) (View the complete Guide for Writing a Funding Proposal) (from Learners Associates webpage)
- Guidelines for completing a research protocol for observational studies. NHS Foundation, 2004. (pdf file 197 Kb)

May 9

Compulsory reading
- Bias & confounding ~ Dr H Vermooten (Word Document 60 Kb)
- Grimes DA, Schultz KF. An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. Lancet 359(9300): 57-61, 2002.
- Lie K. Writing the literature review
- Measurement error (A page from Cornell University - inattractable) (pdf file 69Kb)
Descriptive Research
- Grimes DA, Schultz KF. Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do. Lancet 359(9301 ): 145-9; 2002
Diagnostic Research
- Sackett L, Haynes RB. The architecture of diagnostic research IN: Knottnerus JA (editor). The evidence base of clinical diagnosis. BMJ Books: London, 2002: 19-38.
- Sackett L, Haynes RB. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: the architecture of diagnostic research. BMJ 324(7336): 539-541. 2002.
- Irwig L, Bossuyt P, Glasziou P, Gatsonis C, Lijmer J. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: designing studies to ensure that estimates of test accuracy are transferable. BMJ 324(7338): 669-671, 2002.
- Elstein AS, Schwarz A. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: Clinical problem solving and diagnostic decision making: selective review of the cognitive literature. BMJ 324(7339): 729-32, 2002.
- Winkins R, Dinant G-J. Evidence base of diagnostic research: Rational, cost effective use of investigations in clinical practice. BMJ 324(7340): 783-785, 2002.
- Obuchowski NA. Sample size tables for receiver operating characteristic studies. AJR 175(3): 603-8, 2000.
- Carley S, Dosman S, Jones SR, Harrison M. Simple nomograms to calculate sample size in diagnostic studies. Emergency Medicine Journal 22: 180-1, 2005.
Epidemiological Research
- Schulz K F, Grimes DA. Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet 359(9304 ): 431-4, 2002.
- Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet 359(9302): 248-252, 2002.
- Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes. Lancet 359 (9303): 341-5, 2002.
Intervention Research
- Huson L. Statistical assessment of superiority, equivalence and non-inferiority in clinical trials. Clinical Research Focus 12(5): 31-4, 2001. (With compliments from the Institute of Clinical Research)
- Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: chance, not choice. Lancet 359(9305): 515-9, 2002.
Qualitative Research
- Qualitative methods in health research: opportunities and considerations in application and review. Office of behavioral and social sciences research: National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, 2001 (NIH Publication number 02-5046)
- Mays N, Pope C. Qualitative research in health care: assessing quality in qualitative research. BMJ 320(7226 ): 50-2, 2000.
- Meyer J. Qualitative research in health care: using qualitative methods in health related action research. BMJ 320(7228): 178-181, 2000.
- Pope C, Ziebland S, Mays N. Qualitative research in health care: analysing qualitative data. BMJ 320(7227 ): 114-6' 2000.
Extra reading on bias:
- Carstensen B. Bias and confounding: STAR-course. Steno Diabetes Center and Department of Biostatistics: University of Copenhagen, 2004.

May 10

Compulsory reading:
- Jones SR, Carley S, Harrison M. An introduction to power ans sample size estimation. Emergency Medicine Journal 20(5): 453-458, 2003.
- Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M. An introduction to everyday statistics - 1. Emergency Medicine Journal 17(3) : 205-211, 2000.
- Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M. An introduction to everyday statistics - 2. Emergency Medicine Journal 17(4): 274-81, 2000.
- Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M. An introduction to statistical inference - 3. Emergency Medicine Journal 17(5): 357-63, 2000.
- Sampling Terminology. A webpage by Bill Trochim on Sampling Terminology. Cornell University. (Page intractable)
Extra reading on Statistics:
- Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M. An introduction to estimation - 1. Starting from z. Emergency Medicine 17(6): 409-415, 2000.
- Driscoll P, Lecky F. An introdduction to estimation 2: from z-t. Emergency Medicine Journal 18(1): 65-70, 2001.

May 11

Compulsory reading on Ethics
- Emanuael EJ, Wendler D, Grady C. What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA 283(20): 2701-2711, 2000.(Contact information specialist when passwords are requested)
- The Faculty of Health Sciences: The Research Ethics Committee
Compulsory reading on Writing
- Rennie D, Flannagin A, Yank V. Contributions of authors. JAMA 284(1): 89-91, 2000. (Contact information specialist when passwords are requested)
- Authorship is dying: long live contributorship (Editorial). BMJ 315( 7110): 696, 1997.
Extra reading on writing
- Maloy S. Guidelines for writing a scientific paper. Microbial Genetics: College of Sciences: San Diego State University, San Diego.
- Gopen GD, Swan JA. The science of scientific writing. (A page from the American Statistical Association), 1990.
- Toschler ME. Scientific writing booklet. Dept of Biochemistry & Molecular Physics, University of Arizona, Arizona.
- Morrison MA. Tips on scientific writing (version 4.3:Jan 21, 2004) , 2004.
Extra reading on ethics
- ICH Steering Committee. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline: Guideline for good clinical practice. ICH, 2002. (Include post Step 4 errata 1997) (A page from the European Medicines Agency EMEA)

Clinical Epidemiology	Prof Paul Rheeder	paul.rheeder@up.ac.za
Internal Medicine	Dr Danie van Zyl	dgvanzyl@kalafong.up.ac.za
SHSP/Dept Urology	Prof C de Jager	courses@med.up.ac.za
Dept Genetics	Prof L van Rensburg	lvanrens@med.up.ac.za
Dept Pediatrics	Prof D Wittenberg	dwittenb@medic.up.ac.za
Dept Anatomy	Dr EN L'Abbe	l'abbe@med.up.ac.za
School of Healthcare Sciences	Dr TJ van Rooyen	tania.vrooijen@up.ac.za

Academic Information Service Service Unit Health Sciences